James Novak

You can refuse a breathalyzer in Arizona — but the refusal itself triggers an automatic 12-month driver’s license suspension under the state’s implied consent law, even if you are never convicted of DUI. By driving on an Arizona road, you have already agreed to submit to chemical testing if a police officer lawfully arrests you on suspicion of driving impaired. If you have be...

Sentencing can feel like the moment when everything turns personal. The court is no longer deciding guilt or innocence, but it is deciding how much punishment to impose. This is also where people sometimes hear comments about “remorse,” “accepting responsibility,” or “taking accountability.” Arizona law draws a clear boundary here. A judge may not punish someone for maintaini...

Old cases do not have to define your future. Employers, landlords, and licensing boards often run background checks, and a dated conviction can still cause problems. Arizona now offers two main forms of relief for many people with past cases. Understanding the difference between a set aside and record sealing helps you choose the option that fits your situation.

Arizona now imposes significantly harsher consequences for fentanyl cases after lawmakers passed House Bill 2607. This new law increases penalties when officers discover 200 grams or more of fentanyl in a vehicle, a threshold that signals large-scale